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Challenges Facing Adoption of Information Communication Technology in African Universities
(Journal of Education and Practice, 2024-01-12) Titus Kiptoo Murgor
A significant number of the universities and higher educational institutions have adopted the latest technology and implemented it productively, for the development of skilled human resource in respective area of specialization, as part of their responsibility. Information and communication Technology (ICT) has grown tremendously around the globe particularly in the developed nations of the world. This growth however appears to be relatively slower in the developing nations including African nations. The Partnership for Higher Education in Africa in a recent workshop survey indicated that while some governments have produced national policies on ICT, many others are yet to do so. As such, the most asked questions is; what are the challenges that hinder African universities to become efficient and effective in use of ICT as compared to developed nations. Keywords: ICT, universities, adoption, learning
Assessment of Farmers’ Adaptation to the Effects of Climate Change in Kenya: the Case of Kyuso District
(Journal of Economics and Sustainable Development, 2024-01-12) Ndambiri H. K.; Ritho C.; Mbogoh S.G; Ng’ang’a S. I; Muiruri E. J; Nyangweso P.M; Kipsat M. J; Ogada J. O; Omboto P. I; Kefa C; Kubowon, P. C; Cherotwo F. H
The study was carried out to assess how farmers in Kyuso District have adapted to the effects of climate change. Survey data was collected from 246 farmers from six locations that were sampled out through a multistage and simple random sampling procedure. The probit regression model was fitted into the data in order to assess factors influencing farmers’ adaptation to the effects of climate change. The analysis revealed that 85% of the farmers had adapted in various ways to the effects of climate change. In this regard, the age of the farmer, gender, education, farming experience, farm income, access to climate information, household size, local agro-ecology, distance to input/output market, access to credit, access to water for irrigation, precipitation and temperature were found to have significant influence on the probability of farmers to adapt to climate change. The study suggests that more policy efforts should thus be geared towards helping all the farmers in the district to adapt to climate change.
Factors Affecting Successful Implementation of Government Funded Projects in Technical Institutions in Garissa County
(IJSBAR, 2024-01-12) Joshua Munywoki Kalola; Stanley Kavale
Several government funded projects in tertiary institutions have stalled; others have been completed but not in line with the intended specifications while others exceed the stipulated completion periods. A project which is unsuccessful exceeds its schedule and budget whether it is eventually completed or not. Public institutions are generally afraid of project failure because they make big investments to the project in terms of money, time and manpower. This study sought to determine the factors affecting implementation of public projects funded by the National Government in Technical Training Institutions in Garissa County, Kenya. The objectives of the study were; to determine the influence of government funding on project implementation; to establish the influence of security on project implementation; to find out the influence of monitoring and evaluation in Government funded projects, and to determine the influence of stakeholders’ participation on project implementation in technical training institutions in Garissa County. The study adopted a descriptive survey design. The target population comprised project committee members, project managers, project supervisors, contractors, members of mentoring institution for the proposed technical training institutions and the county works officers. Purposive sampling was used to select samples from the target population; Questionnaire was used to collect data; Descriptive statistics was used to analyze collected data that were generated by SPSS. The study found that the delay in the release of funds and the provision of inadequate funds were major factors that negatively affect project implementation, while insecurity led to major price variations as project teams used substantial amounts of money on security. Insecurity also scared away more qualified contractors from other parts of Kenya from bidding for tenders. The study therefore recommends that after the approval of any government funded project, funds should be released in good time to avoid price variations due to time lapse. Involvement of the local community in project implementation would go a long way in curbing insecurity as they can report insecurity cases to the local intelligence for appropriate action.
EFFECT OF LIQUIDITY MANAGEMENT ON FINANCIAL PERFOMANCE OF COMMERCIAL BANKS IN MOGADISHU, SOMALIA
(IJR, 2024-01-12) ALI ABDI SHEIKHDON; STANLEY KAVALE
The purpose of the study was to conduct a survey of Liquidity management factors affecting in financial performance of the commercial banks in Mogadishu, Somalia. The study design was used is descriptive survey, the target population of the study was 112 employees of commercial banks in Mogadishu. A sample size of 87 respondents was selected using Slog van’s formula. Data collection methods used included questionnaire. The selection sample technique was purposive or judgmental approach. Data was analyzed using SPSS version. The key findings were that liquidity management drivers individually had a positive influence on the financial performance of commercial banks in Mogadishu-Somalia. The overall results indicated that there was a significant linear relationship between account receivable management, account payable and cash management on financial performance of commercial banks in Mogadishu. The conclusions were based on the objectives of the study that liquidity management drivers had a significant influence on financial performance of commercial banks. The results established that liquidity management drivers were found to significantly and positively influence financial performance of commercial banks in Mogadishu, Somalia. The study results support the view that liquidity management drivers have a significant effect on financial performance. It is recommended that managers should study and select the driver that best suits their banks in order to achieve maximum performance.
The Effects of Capital Structure on Firm’s Profitability: Evidence from Kenya’s Banking Sector
(Research Journal of Finance and Accounting, 2024-01-12) Charles Yegon; Joseph Cheruiyot; Dr. J. Sang; Dr. P.K. Cheruiyot; Joseph Kirui; Joseph Rotich
Capital structure is considered important corporate financial management context and is mainly related to the establishment of an ideal debt policy. The determination of a company’s capital structure constitutes a difficult decision, one that involves several and antagonistic factors, such as risk and profitability. Despite of substantial theoretical developments in the field of corporate finance over the past several decades, the rift between theory and practice still needs to be reconciled. This paper empirically investigates the relationship between capital structure and the firm’s profitability of banking industry in Kenya, by using panel data extracted from the financial statements of the companies listed on the Nairobi Stock Exchange from year 2004-2012.The rationale behind the industry specific analysis is the fact that exogenous variables appear to force institutions in the same industry in similar fashion, thus leading to the existence of an industry specific capital structure. It is found that a significant positive relationship exists between the short term debt and profitability and statistically significant negative relationship between long term debt and profitability. The results are partially consistent with the previous studies as the negative relationship between long term debt and the firm performance tends to sport the dominant pecking order theory. The association of short term debt and the financial performance in contrast attests the static trade-off theory. Total debt as a whole has no association with the firm’s performance because of the inherited different characteristics of short term debt and long term debt.
Gender Inequality in Administration of Secondary Schools in Kenya
(Journal of African Studies in Educational Management and Leadership, 2024-01-12) James K. Sang; Peter M. Masila; Jane C. Sang
This paper aims to provide a discussion on the nature and extent of gender inequality in secondary schools’ administration in Kenya. Using content analysis of selected documents, the discussion shows existence of gender gaps in administration of secondary schools in Kenya. The paper concludes that the previous constitution presented a pitfall in the country’s education management policies and unwittingly derailed the move to equal opportunity in education management. However, we acknowledge the massive improvements in the new constitution promulgated in 2010 and whose full implementation could be a watershed for gender equity in general. Recommendations are based on strong belief that stakeholders in education need to urgently address prevailing gender inequity in access to secondary school administrative opportunities in the country.
Browder’s Theorem For Conditionally Totally Posinormal Operators
(Researchjournali’s, 2024-01-13) Beth Kiratu; Bernard Nzimbi; Stephen Luketero
In this paper we present results on Browder's theorem for conditionally totally posinormal operators using established results on kato type operators and polaroid operators.
STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT DETERMINANTS OF CORPORATE GROWTH IN SELECTED MICRO-FINANCE INSTITUTIONS IN KENYA
(G.J.C.M.P, 2024-01-13) Dr Stanley Kavale; Fred Mugambi
The main purpose of this study is to assess the strategic management determinants of corporate growth of Microfinance Institutions (MFIs) in Kenya. The specific objectives of the study will be; to assess the effects of grand strategy on the growth of MFIs in Kenya; to assess the effects of corporate vision on the growth of MFIs in Kenya; to establish the effects of cost leadership strategy on the growth of MFIs in Kenya; to evaluate the effects of product differentiation strategy on the growth of MFIs in Kenya; to establish the effects of pooling of strategic resources on the growth of MFIs in Kenya; and to assess the effects of strategic synergy on the growth of MFIs in Kenya. The depended variable is corporate growth which will be measured by corporate profitability, market share, entry of new customers, rate of loan recovery, branch network, number of employees, and social impact. The research scope will be the MFIs which have operations in Mombasa County and which are five years of age and above as at 31 st December, 2012 and their regulators (AMFI and CBK). Five years is a period enough to establish a stable growth pattern for MFIs. Descriptive and quantitative research designs will be employed. In a population of 57 firms, 32 will be studied. Both stratified sampling and purposive sampling methods will be used to identify the sample size. Stratified sampling method will assist in categorizing the population into four categories, and subsequently purposive sampling technique will then be engaged to assist the researcher to identify the sample MFIs with specific characteristics under study. The primary data collection instruments will be structured and semi structured questionnaires on strategic management determinants. Secondary data collection will involve data mining from company records. Pilot testing will be conducted in four MFIs in Mombasa CBD to test the data instruments. Cron-bach alpha tool will be employed in testing the data reliability and validity. If the calculated value will be 7.0 and above, the internal consistency will be strong, thus acceptable. Data Triangulation will be deployed to triangulate responses from the MFIs, the regulators and the data mined from company records. Data will be analyzed using SPSS version 20. The hypothesis will be tested using t-test at 95% confidence level. The Tobit Model will be deployed to estimate the final linear relationship between strategic management determinants and corporate growth. Data will be presented in tables, graphs and pie charts.
THE ROLE OF DATA IN STRATEGIC DECISION MAKING PROCESS
(2024-01-13) Dr Stanley Kavale
This paper explores the role of data on the strategic decision making process. This is a desk top research study which looked at different studies done by researchers on the role of data and its role in strategic decision making. The main objective of this study is to establish the roles data play in strategic decision making. The strategic decision making process has also been identified and the theories underlying strategic decision making process have been explored. First it looked at the definition of data in relation to information and knowledge. Sources of data, both internal and external have been identified and theories of decision making; rational, incremental, political, constructive and factual approach illustrated. From the study, it is quite clear that data has very important roles in strategic decision making. This paper concludes that data plays the roles of; gaining competitive advantage, optimization of resources, cost reduction, value creation, accuracy and accountability and hedging uncertainty. Thus data brings efficiency and effectiveness in the strategic decision making process. This paper recommends that management in organizations should attach a lot of importance to data sourcing, analysis, interpretation and use to create competitive advantage. Further, data security should be enhanced because data is a key resource.
Factors Influencing Strategy Implementation of Water Supply Firms in Kenya (Case Study of Mombasa Water Supply and Sanitation Limited)
(International Journal of Sciences: Basic and Applied Research (IJSBAR), 2024-01-21) Winnie Wangui Muthoni; Mr.Stanley Kavale
Strategy implementation is understood as one of the most difficult business challenges facing today’s managers. The challenges can be ascribed to several reasons among them ever changing external environment, inadequacy of resources and inappropriate organizational systems among others, despite the neglect by academicians and consultants. No known study has been done on factors influencing strategy implementation in MOWASSCO. This study therefore sought to fill this gap by investigating the factors influencing strategy implementation of water supply firms in Kenya. The specific objective of the study was to analyze factors influencing strategy implementation of MOWASSCO. They included; leadership, organizational culture, organizational resource and stakeholders. The target population of the study was MOWASSCO in Mombasa amounting to 80 respondents from a population of 20% of 400 employees. The study used stratified random sampling technique to select a sample of 80 employees from three department namely; technical, commercial and finance and administration. Data was collected using structured questionnaire while data analysis was done using descriptive statistics and inferential statistics. From the research findings, it was established that organizational leadership performance at MOWASSCO was noted to be generally mentoring, aggressive and results oriented in strategy implementation. High response was noted in the organizational culture questionnaire, this clearly demonstrates that organizational culture plays a critical role in strategy implementation and executive management don’t know what kind of culture support strategy implementation .As a result, it was established that resources plays a very important role in terms of strategy implementation and long range planning. The study clearly demonstrates that strategy implementation has a high performance to the other three functions. The fourth and final objective of the study was to establish the influence of stakeholders in strategy implementation a big number agreed that stakeholders play a vital role in achieving organization strategy implementation this explain reason why all organization should ensure stakeholders get good service and their relation and support towards organization objective is felt. The study concluded that the major factors influencing strategy implementation in MOWASSCO were lack of commitment of top management to strategy implementation, poor leadership style of managers, limited human resource skills, economic forces and pressure from stakeholders. The study recommends that the management should ensure that they employ and deploy qualified and competent individuals. The water firms should implement approaches such as effective reward management systems meant to enhance manager’s commitment. The water sector should improve integrated plans to improve strategy implementation.
Communication Channels as Implementation Determinants of Performance Management Framework in Kenya
(Journal of Education and Practice, 2024-02-02) Dr. Jane Sang
The purpose of this study to assess communication channels as implementation determinants of performance management framework In Kenya at Moi Teaching and Referral Hospital (MTRH). The communication theory was used to inform the study. This study adopted an explanatory design. The target sampled 510 respondents through simple random and stratified sampling Data collected was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistical tools. Specifically Manova analysis, Correlation analysis, Factor analysis and SEMPATH model, with the help of SPSS /Amos model programme, were used to validate and test the hypotheses. Results of hypothesis testing indicate that communication have a significant relationship with implementation of performance management. This was supported by a strong correlation between communication and implementation of performance management. The study established that communication determine employee relationship with the implementation of performance management framework. It was therefore recommended that, to effectively manage the implementation of performance framework, an organization should put in place: the right communication strategies
REMARKS ON THE MURRAY-VON NEUMANN EQUIVALENCE OF PROJECTIONS
(In this paper, we characterize Murray-von Neumann equivalent projec- tions. We also investigate and compare the relationship between the Murray- von Neumann relation and other equivalence relations on the set P(B(H)) of orthogonal projections in the von Neumann algebra B(H)., 2024-02-19) B. M. Nzimbi; B.N. Kiratu; I.N. Sitati; S. Towet
In this paper, we characterize Murray-von Neumann equivalent projec- tions. We also investigate and compare the relationship between the Murray- von Neumann relation and other equivalence relations on the set P(B(H)) of orthogonal projections in the von Neumann algebra B(H).
Analysis of Farmers’ Perceptions of the Effects of Climate Change in Kenya
(AgEcon Search, 2024-02-19) Ndambiri H. K; Ritho C; Mbogoh S.G; Nyangweso P.M; Ng’ang’a S. I.; Muiruri E. J; Kipsat M. J; Kubowon; Cherotwo F. H; Omboto P. I
A cross-sectional analysis was carried out to evaluate how farmers in Kyuso District have perceived climate change. Data was collected from 246 farmers from six locations sampled out through a multistage and simple random sampling procedure. The logistic regression analysis was carried out to assess factors influencing farmers’ perceptions of climate change. The analysis revealed that 94% of farmers in Kyuso District had a perception that climate was changing. In this regard, age of the household head, gender, education, farming experience, household size, distance to the nearest input/output market, access to irrigation water, local agro-ecology, access to information on climate change, access to extension services, off farm income and change in temperature and precipitation were found to have significant influence on the probability of farmers to perceive climate change. Since the level of perception to climate change revealed by the study was found to be high (94%), the study suggests that more policy efforts should thus be geared towards helping farmers to adapt to climate change.
A Comparison of Technical and Vocational Acquired Skills Differences Based on Gender in Tvet Institutions, Uasin Gishu County, Kenya
(Journal of Education and Practice, 2024-02-29) Titus Kiptoo Murgor
Lower participation of women in the labor force and/or concentration of women labor in un skilled or low skilled, low income generating economic activities including part time and casual work has created many questions among the researcher on the kind and quality of technical and vocational skills acquired by woman. The current study compared technical and vocational acquired skills acquired between male and female in Technical Vocational Education and Training (TVET) institutions, Uasin Gishu. From the findings it has been observed that Male students had significantly and highly acquired interpersonal skills, Information Communication Technical (ICT) skills, Critical analysis, ability to use numerical data and management skills than female. Male students had also acquired critical thinking skills two times higher than that of female students. In addition, the study concludes that male students had acquired skills in many areas than female students. On the other hand female students had acquired high significant skills in ability to work in a team, organizational skills and academic qualifications than male. There is need to diversify Vocational and Technical Training and improve access for and retention of girls and women in education and vocational training in such fields as science, mathematics, engineering, environmental sciences, information technology and new technologies, as well as management training.
Accessibility of Technical And Vocational Training Among Disabled People: Survey Of TVET Institutions In North Rift Region, Kenya
(Journal of Education and Practice, 2024-03-09) Titus Kiptoo Murgor; John Kosgei Changa’ch2; Julius Kipkogei Keter3
People with disabilities face particular challenges in education and training. Most of them are deprived of access to basic literacy and numeracy skills. They also face barriers that affect access to Technical Vocational Education and Training (TVET) institutions some of them arising from the surrounding socio-economic environment and from mainstream TVET institutions. The main purpose of this paper was to assess barriers to accessibility of TVET institutions by disabled people in Kenya. The study was carried out in the North Rift Region of Kenya. The target population of the study consisted of the lectures and students with disabilities in 5 public TVET Institutions. Semi Structured Questionnaires were used as the main instruments for data collection. Data collected was analyzed using descriptive statistics and inferential statistics with the aid of SPSS IBM version 20. One of the most striking findings was that disabled students in TVET institutions are discriminated and isolated. Findings also indicated that the disabled students cannot access some of the school buildings; they are also barred from enrolling in TVET due to policies that provide cut off point marks or entry behavior to courses they desire to enroll in. It was also found that teachers had positive attitude toward the disabled students, contrary to the fact that students considered teachers to be unfriendly to them. Therefore, the paper recommended that skills training and instructional mechanisms must consider specific needs of youth with different types of disabilities before putting them together in regular class. Better coordination between the government and service providers could anticipate and mitigate this barrier. There is also the need for specialized training institutions to be upgraded and modernized, and mainstream training institutions be adjusted to include training of persons with disabilities.
Talent Management and Employee Performance: The Moderating Effect of Transformational Leadership
(ORSEA Journal, 2024-04-05) Vincent Obedgiu; Charles Lagat; Jane Sang
The global competitive environment is shaping the way organizations manage, maintain, and improve employee performance. Literature has established that there are different mechanisms through which transformational leadership influences employee performance, yet few studies have tested the mode of influence on followers' attitudes, behaviors, and employee performance in public universities in Uganda. The study looks at the role of transformational leadership in moderating the relationship between talent management and employee performance in Ugandan public universities. The study draws on a cross-sectional and quantitative research approach. A random sampling technique was used to select 536 academic staff. Data was collected using a selfadministered questionnaire. Multiple regression analysis was used to examine the direct and indirect effects. The findings show that talent management has a significant positive effect on employee performance. In addition, findings reveal that transformational leadership significantly and positively affects employee performance. Furthermore, it was discovered that transformational leadership exerts a significant moderating effect on the relationship between talent management and employee performance. This provides the psychological stimulus that innovates novel ways to execute job tasks; illuminating the role of transformational leadership in enhancing employee performance as the transformational leaders identify, motivate and stimulate employees to achieve extraordinary performance outcomes among academic staff of public universities in Uganda.
The Effect of Hybrid Office Environments on Curriculum Support Officer Performance in Western Kenya
(IRE Journals, 2024-04-06) DIPHINAH NASIMIYU KIMINGICHI; LAURA MAMULI; SYLVIA CHEBET SIRAI
The education sector has undergone significant transformations in recent years, with the emergence of new technologies and work arrangements reshaping traditional roles and practices. This study aims to examine the effect of hybrid office environments on the performance of curriculum support officers (CSOs) in the western region of Kenya. Using a cross-sectional survey design, data was collected from 115 CSOs across four counties. The results indicate a significant positive relationship between hybrid office environments and CSO performance (r = 0.462, p < 0.01). Regression analysis shows that hybrid office environments explain 21.3% of the variance in CSO performance. The findings suggest that the adoption of hybrid work arrangements can potentially enhance CSO performance, particularly in terms of work-life balance and job satisfaction. However, challenges in communication and collaboration within hybrid environments were also identified. The study provides valuable insights for educational policymakers and administrators in Kenya and similar contexts, offering evidence-based support for the adoption of flexible work arrangements while highlighting areas that require attention to maximize their effectiveness.
Browder’s Theorem For Totally Posinormal Operators
(Researchjournali’s, 2024-04-08) Beth Kiratu; Bernard Nzimbi; Stephen Luketero
In our study we consider a higher class of Hilbert space operators, Posinormal operators introduced by C.Rhaly(1992).The purpose of this paper is to prove that if A is a Totally Posinormal operator such that σ(A − λI)|M = 0 ⟹ (A − λI) |M = 0 for every M ∈ Lat(A) and satisfies property(ab),then A satisfies Browder's theorem and generalized Browder’s theorem. We shall also prove that, if N is a nilpotent operator such that AN = NA,then Browder’s theorem holds for A + N.
Factors Affecting the Selection of Optimal Suppliers in Procurement Management
(International Journal of Humanities and Social Science, 2024-04-12) Ruth Mwikali; Stanley Kavale, PhD Student
This is a desk top study on factors affecting the selection of optimal suppliers. The main objective was to identify the factors affecting supplier selection; the supplier selection process has also been identified. Factors affecting selection of suppliers were identified as; cost, technical capability, quality assessment, organizational profile, service levels, supplier profile and risk factors, in that relative order. This paper concludes that a cost criterion is a key factor affecting supplier selection for it dictates among many elements, the profit margins. Technical capability, quality of materials and the profile of the supplier are also closely considered. From the findings, we recommend that supplier selection should be an open and transparent process, carried out by experts from all key departments and should be done in time to avoid stock outs.
THE CONNECTION BETWEEN STRATEGY AND STRUCTURE
(International Journal of Business and Commerce, 2024-04-17) Dr Stanley Kavale
This is a study on structure, strategy, their connection and relationship. The objective was to identify the connection between structure and strategy, their relationship and their consequent influence on organizational performance. Five different cases have been identified which support Chanler’s (1962) proposition that ‘’Structure Follows Strategy’’. These cases are; a real life situation, Chandler’s case study, Safaricom case, Bharti Airtel case and the Kenya commercial bank case. With a good match and connection between structure and strategy, the result is high performance. A mismatch leads to under performance. This paper concludes that structure and strategy are closely related. Structure follows strategy; each is married to the other. This paper recommends that, top management should be ultimately involved from the beginning of strategy crafting and formulation, implementation and aligning it with the structure that follows the strategy.

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